However, sources point out that Rivers State enacted the Secret Cult and Similar Activities (Prohibition) Law in 2004 (Vanguard 19 Aug. 2012) with the Corporate Affairs Commission ( Daily Trust Nigeria Daily News 30 Dec. Sources indicate that the NBM is legally registered as an organization ( Vanguard 11 Jan. According to the NBM, they have 'Zones' in most large cities across the world, and their headquarters is located in Benin City, Edo State (NBM n.d.). Coventry Cathedral indicates that NBM is not a confraternity and excludes students and fraternity members from its organization (Feb. The NBM website further states that within 'a decade of its existence the Movement was operational in most major tertiary institutions in Nigeria,' but later withdrew its operations from university campuses in 1994 due to the 'wave of violence' at Nigerian universities that started in the late 1980s (ibid.). 2009, 97-98).Р”Р„ccording to the NBM's website, the group was created during the 1977-1978 academic year by nine University of Benin undergraduates who were concerned about the 'plight of the Black Man' (NBM n.d.). The Coventry Cathedral states that the Black Axe confraternity is a 'splinter group' of the NBM, and indicates that, since 1985, the NBM 'sought to dissociate itself from the Black Axe Confraternity's activities' (Feb. However, sources indicate that, according to the NBM, they are not the Black Axe confraternity nor are they a secret cult ( Vanguard 11 Jan. Sources state that the Black Axe confraternity is also known as the Neo-Black Movement of Africa (NBM) ( Daily Trust This Day 6 Jan. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. n.d.) and that has been 'extensively involved' in Nigeria since 2002, the Black Axe confraternity and some other cult groups 'were formed in the 1980s as tools of the Nigerian military and they in turn formed street cult groups' (ibid. According to Coventry Cathedral, a Church of England's place of worship that has existed for over 1,000 years (ibid. Sources indicate that the Black Axe confraternity is a cult ( Leadership 27 July 2012 Vanguard 27 July 2012 Coventry Cathedral Feb. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. NigР“В©ria : information sur la ConfrР“В©rie de la hache noire (Black Axe confraternity), aussi connue sous le nom de Nouveau mouvement noir d'Afrique (Neo-Black Movement of Africa), y compris ses rituels, ses serments du secret et son utilisation de symboles ou de signes distinctifs information indiquant si elle a recours au recrutement forcР“В© information sur le traitement rР“В©servР“В© par ses membres aux personnes qui s'opposent aux sectes (2009-novembre 2012)Р”В¬anada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Nigeria: The Black Axe confraternity, also known as the Neo-Black Movement of Africa, including their rituals, oaths of secrecy, and use of symbols or particular signs whether they use force to recruit individuals (2009-November 2012), 3 December 2012,Р’В NGA104208.E,Р’В available at: Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada

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